Q: What are the meaning and scope of Article 21 of Indian Constitution ?
Ans: Meaning and Scope of Article 21 of Indian Constitution
The right to life in Article 21 of Indian constitution does not mean animal existence or the mere act of breathing. It guarantees the right to a dignified life. Some of the rights that are currently included in the ambit of Article 21 includes (mentioned in Menaka Case):
Right to live with human dignity.
Right to the decent environment including pollution-free water and air and protection
against hazardous industries.
Right to livelihood.
Right to privacy.
Right to shelter.
Right to health.
Right to free education up to 14 years of age.
Right to free legal aid.
Right against solitary confinement.
Right to a speedy trial.
Right against handcuffing
Right against inhuman treatment.
Right against delayed execution.
Right to travel abroad.
Right against bonded labor.
Right against custodial harassment.
Right to emergency medical aid.
Right to timely medical treatment in a government hospital.
Right not to be driven out of a state.
Right to a fair trial.
Right of prisoner to have necessities of life.
Right of women to be treated with decency and dignity
Right against public hanging.
Right to hearing.
Right to information.
Right to reputation.
Right of appeal from a judgment of conviction
Right to social security and protection of the family
Right to social and economic justice and empowerment
Right against bar fetters
Right to appropriate life insurance policy
Right to sleep
Right to freedom from noise pollution
Right to electricity
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